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Endurance exercise and heart health, is there a definitive link? The idea that endurance exercise like running marathons and riding long distance bike races may be harmful rather than beneficial to the heart has been around for a very long time. In the year 490 BC, the fittest runner in Greece, Phiddipides, ran 26 miles …
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra region of the midbrain. Classically its presentation includes a triad of motor manifestations: bradykinesia, resting tremor, and muscle rigidity. Among non-motor manifestations are autonomic dysfunction, mood disorders, and cognitive impairment. The prevalence of PD has doubled in the past …