As individuals age, hormonal changes can lead to increased susceptibility to bladder infections, while conditions like interstitial cystitis (1) present chronic challenges. These issues often stem from various factors, including (but not limited to):

• underlying bladder issues like Interstitial Cystitis
• bladder injury or neurogenic damage (drug use, MS, etc)
• chronic low-lying infections
• high white blood cells and MCAS (mast cell infiltration and inflammation)
• pelvic floor conditions
• bladder or other pelvic cancers
• pregnancy

https://integrative.ca/blog/a-new-frontier-in-bladder-care-ozone-bladder-insufflation