From a physical perspective, Al accumulation can alter soil structure. Excess aluminum in soil can alter its structure and negatively impact plant growth. In acidic soils, aluminum can exist in mobile forms, leading to its absorption and assimilation by plants. This can disrupt the mineral nutrition of plants, affecting processes such as water regulation, nitrogen metabolism, mineral uptake, and photosynthesis. The presence of excessive aluminum ions can also stimulate various anatomical and morphological changes in plants, leading to phytotoxicity (Horst, J, W., Wang, Y. and Eticha, D., 2010).

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